基于领域特定语义度量的价值管理研讨会的
自动引导技术

Automated Facilitation Techniques in Value Management Workshops
based on Domain-Specific Semantic Metrics

Fan XUE 薛帆
24th Apr 2015，南京

Outline
领域特定语义度量

价值管理研讨会

1

Background & Opportunity

2

Domain-Specific Metrics for Text

3

Auto-Facilitation Techniques

4

Demo & Cases

5

Discussion & Future Works

F Xue: Auto Facilitation in VM Workshops

自动引导技术

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Section 1

BACKGROUND & OPPORTUNITY

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1.1 Introduction: Value Management
 Value Management (VM, or VE)
“to maximize the performance of an organization from the board
room to the shop floor.” (Lester, 2014)
Small VM problems encountered everyday, IMO
 Quality v.s. price: A Toyota or a BMW? (e.g., P/P Ratio, R-C)
 Eggs in baskets: Failsafe, hedge, MPF, etc.

(From www.photobucket.com)

 VM workshop

For early stage of big/mega project
 Usually aims at: 1) Increase function; 2) reduce cost

Typical result (general purpose, SAP.com)
 1.6 × benefits,

 2.0 × projects on-time,

 1.9 × projects on-budget

F Xue: Auto Facilitation in VM Workshops

(From www.valuebaseddesign.com)

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1.2 VM Workshop: Roles, Job Plan & Software
 3 main roles

Boundary of VM Software

Facilitator×1
Participants×N
Helpers

 Job Plan
Preparation
Information

Established analysis: Fundamental statistics, Reasoning with
pre-defined, BIM application, risks… (Shen & Chung, 2002;
Fan, 2009; Luo, 2010; Shen, 2011; Yuan et al., 2013)

Creativity
Evaluation
Development
Action planning
Report
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1.3 VM Software: DSS or MIS
 Decision Support System (DSS)
Definition by characteristics (Sprague, 1980)
 For: easy use by upper level, non-computer managers
 From: less well structured problem
 By: data analytic techniques

 With: flexibility / adaptability to tolerant environment

Examples: Airfare pricing, customers behavior analysis (e.g. US
TV series House of Cards)

(From www. myihub.com)

 DSS v.s. Management Information System (MIS)
The first emphasizes analysis
The latter focuses on efficient storage/ management

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1.4 Problems & Opportunity
 Problems
In Creativity: Not enough / comprehensive / in-depth ideas
In following phases: Too many ineffective ideas to handle

 Objectives
Increase the quantity and quality of ideas

 Subject to

(From www. katerawlings.com)

Responsibilities of attendants

1.
2.

F Xue: Auto Facilitation in VM Workshops

Quantification
Auto-facilitation
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Section 2

DOMAIN-SPECIFIC METRICS FOR TEXT

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2.1 Semantics & A Web of Words
 Semantics
From ancient Greek: “σημαντικός”, significant
Linguistic semantics: human expression through language.

 WordNet®
Princeton Univ.: 1985 – current
Version 3.1: 155k words in 118k synsets
中文版：东大计算机 / 台湾国立

A fragment of knowledge
structure of WordNet

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2.2 Semantic Metrics (Domain-Free)
 Similarity
More closely connected  more similar

 Metrics
Path: Inverse of (path length + 1)
 sim(hill, coast) = 1/(1+4) = 0.20

Resnik (1995):

 sim = ½ × Information of common

 sim(hill, coast) = -ln(0.00176)=6.34**

Lin (1998):



 sim = Info of common / Info of description
 sim(hill, coast) =

2×ln(0.00176)/(ln(0.000189)+ln(0.0000216)) = 0.59

 Best correlated (p=0.834) to linguistic experts

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2.3 Metrics with Domain Data
 Wikipedia
Open, high-quality encyclopedia
4,853,000+ articles (English)

 Fan et al (2014) Has adopted Wikipedia to reweight
domain words from common English to improve text
search

 In this research
P ′ w = P w ×

F Xue: Auto Facilitation in VM Workshops

P(w|theme in Wiki)
𝑁𝑁Wiki
×
𝑁𝑁theme in Wiki
P(w|Wiki)

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Section 3

OUR PART, PROGRESS & FUTURE WORKS

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3.1 Our Part
 Main users
Gammon Construction Ltd.
Also: HA, WHS, 3PL

 Hardware/service support
HKU

 Data support (partial)
HA, Gammon, WHS

 Main functions
Real-time supervision
Data-capturing
Real-time (events) feedback
On-site assets management

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3.2 Two Baselines of the Final Version
 Baseline 1 (RFID Plan A)
Facilitate users and existing systems with GUI and analysis
No changes to Gammon’s operation/work flow
Predict/identify and track/notify events such as component faults, project delay

 Baseline 2 (RFID Plan B)
Add new data gathering and instructions to on-site labors/operators
 Receiving: where to store; Erection: show target position;…

Try to automate some processes

 Estimated KPIs:

Paper work: -20- -50%;

Space utilization: +10-30%;

Efficiency and effectiveness: +5-20%;

On-site WIP inventory: -5-10%

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3.3 Demo time
 Done:
User requirements
System architecture
Module/Function design
UI design (Demo 2)
Function implementation (1/3)
Function test (1/3)

 In Progress
Functions and further tests

 Next 4 months
Release Alpha test version
Construction pilot practice (Apr.)

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Yet Another Section

SHARING OF TWO NEW PAPERS

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A. References


Fan, S. (2009). The effect of using group decision support systems on the processes and outcomes of value management studies. PhD Thesis, HKPU



Fan, H., Xue, F., and Li, H. (2014). "Project-Based As-Needed Information Retrieval from Unstructured AEC Documents." Journal of Management in Engineering 31.1



Leacock, C., & Chodorow, M. (1998). Combining local context and WordNet similarity for word sense identification. WordNet: An electronic lexical database,49(2), 265-283.



Lester, A. (2014) Value Management, In Project Management, Planning and Control (Sixth Edition), Chap. 35, pp. 341-343, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-098324-0.00035-4.



Luhn, H. P. (1958). A business intelligence system. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 2(4), 314-319. doi: 10.1147/rd.24.0314



Luo, X. (2010). A knowledge-based electronic meeting system for implementing value management in construction briefing. PhD Thesis, HKPU



Resnik, P. (1995). Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in a taxonomy. In Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
448–453.



Shen, Q., & Chung, J. K. (2002). A group decision support system for value management studies in the construction industry. International Journal of Project Management,
20(3), 247-252. doi: 10.1016/S0263-7863(01)00076-X



Shen, W. (2011). A BIM-based Pre-occupancy Evaluation Platform (PEP) for facilitating designer-client communication in the early design stage. PhD Thesis, HKPU



Sprague, R. H. (1980). A framework for the development of decision support systems. MIS quarterly, 4(4), 1-26.



Wu, Z., & Palmer, M. (1994, June). Verbs semantics and lexical selection. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics?(pp. 133138). Association for Computational Linguistics.



Yuan, Z., Shen, G., Chung, K., & Ramly, Z. (2013) A Study of Virtual Value Management Workshop: Identifying Risks of Its Implementation. ICCREM 2013: pp. 712-724. doi:
10.1061/9780784413135.067

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Thank You !